Exam

English

Question 1

What is IMO?

IMO - International Maritime Organization, was adopted in 1948 in Geneva.

The IMO Convention entered into force in 1958.

IMO's first task was to adopt a new version of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

IMO's second task was to reduce pollution from the ship.

Question 2

What is SOLAS? What was the reason to create SOLAS? What is the main objective the convention?

SOLAS – International Convention of Safety of Life at Sea. The reason for the creation of SOLAS was the collision of the Titanic with an iceberg. The first SOLAS Convention was adopted on 20 January of 1914. The SOLAS Convention entered into force in July of 1915.

The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety. SOLAS is divided into 14 Chapters. The Chapters of the SOLAS Convention are:

Chapter I - General Provisions Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations Chapter II-2 – Fire prevention, fire detection and fire extinction Chapter III - Lifesaving appliances and arrangements Chapter IV - Radio communications Chapter V – Safety of Navigation Chapter VI – Carriage of Cargoes Chapter VII – Carriage of dangerous goods Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships Chapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships Chapter X – Safety measures for high-speed craft Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety Chapter XII - Additional security measures for bulk carriers Chapter XIII – Verification of compliance Chapter XIV - Safety measures for ships operating in polar waters.

Question 3

Annexes 1-6 (content and requirements). What are the sources of pollution at sea?

MARPOL - The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships OR MARINE POLLUTION.

Annex 1 – Covers pollution by oil (for tankers and vessels over 400 GRT must not exceed 15 ppm).

Annex 2 – Covers pollution by liquid noxious substances carried in bulk (discharging must be at special facilities)

Annex 3 – Covers pollution by harmful substances in packaged form or in containers (requirements are packing, marking, stowage, quantity limitations).

Annex 4 – Covers sewage. Disinfected sewage is disgorged far than 4 nautical miles, other forms – far than 12 nautical miles.

Annex 5 – Covers the disposal of garbage (for all ships): - Synthetic ropes - Paper - Food wastes - Metal, etc. It prohibits to dump this kind of garbage.

Annex 6 – Covers air pollution by Sulphur and nitrogen emissions. Its purpose to reduce these emissions.

Sources of Pollution: - Crew/Passengers (food waste) - Bilge/Sewage - Sludge/Oily wastes/Tank cleaning - Ship’s accidents.

Question 4

What is STCW? Why is this convention needed? Main dates, content, chapters and code.

STCW – Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on an international level. The 1995 amendments entered into force on 1 February 1997. The Convention was divided into: - Convention with 8 Chapters: Chapter I: General provisions Chapter II: Master and deck department Chapter III: Engine department Chapter IV: Radiocommunication and radio personnel Chapter V: Special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships Chapter VI: Emergency, occupational safety, medical care and survival functions Chapter VII: Alternative certification Chapter VIII: Watchkeeping

- The regulations contained in the Convention are supported by sections in the STCW Code. Code with 2 Parts: Part A is mandatory. Part B is recommended. The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code were adopted on 25 June 2010. The amendments of 2010 entered into force on 1 January 2012. Amongst the amendments adopted, there are a number of important changes to each chapter of the Convention and Code, including: • Improved measures to prevent fraudulent practices associated with certificates of competency and strengthen the evaluation process (monitoring of Parties' compliance with the Convention); • Revised requirements on hours of work and rest and new requirements for the prevention of drug and alcohol abuse, as well as updated standards relating to medical fitness standards for seafarers; • New certification requirements for able seafarers; • New requirements for marine environment awareness training and training in leadership and teamwork; • New training and certification requirements for electro-technical officers; • Updating of competence requirements for personnel serving on board all types of tankers, including new requirements for personnel serving on liquefied gas tankers; • New requirements for security training, as well as provisions to ensure that seafarers are properly trained to cope if their ship comes under attack by pirates; • Introduction of modern training methodology including distance learning and web-based learning; • New training guidance for personnel serving on board ships operating in polar waters

Question 5

Enclosed space (procedure for entering/hazards/ features/ examples/)

Procedure for entering: 1. Study risk assessment and fill it. 2. Enclosed space permit should be taken and signed by authorized person. 3. Check the atmosphere and identify toxic gases or just gases. 4. Check level of oxygen. It must be not less than 19% and no more than 23%. 5. Ventilate space before entering. 6. Gas analyzer should be taken. 7. Person outside should communicate with person inside and bridge. 8. Monitor the level of oxygen. 9. When work is finished enclosed space permit is closed.

Hazards: 1. Hazardous atmosphere - Toxic gases - Flammable atmosphere - Absence of proper ventilation 2. Physical or configuration hazard. - Pipe lines - Absence of railings - Lack of lighting 3. Changing and hazardous conditions - Welding, hot work, ship staff, cargo work 4. Engulfment hazard - Loose, granular material.

Features/Characteristics: - Dangerous atmosphere - Limited entrance - Poor ventilation and lighting

Examples: - Tanks - Cofferdam - Pump room - Duct keel

Question 6

Describe actions. What to do in case of drowning, burns, etc.

Types of situations which require first aid: 1. Choking 2. Suffocation (asphyxia) 3. Electrical shock 4. Bleeding (internal/external) 5. Fracture 6. Poisoning 7. Burns 8. Drowning 9. Hypothermia 10. Epileptic fits

Choking 1. Make the Heimlich maneuver.

Suffocation 1. Put the casualty to fresh air.

El. Shock 1. Turn off the power supply if possible. 2. If it is not possible try to remove casualty from contact (by protected hands or feet, wooden things). 3. Check breathing, pupils, pulse. 4. If it is required make first aid (cordial massage, kiss of life).

Bleeding (external) 1. Press the wound. 2. Put on dressing. 3. Raise and support the limb.

Poisoning 1. Swallowed (проглочен) - give water and pill to make vomit 2. Through the skin - wash the area 3. Inhaled - take casualty the fresh air

Burns 1-st degree – reddening of the skin - put area to cool water 2-nd degree – reddening of the skin ad appearing of the blisters - don’t open the blister - put ointment and dressing 3-rd degree – damaging of the skin layers - seek for medical help - give water

Drowning 1. Report about casualty 2. Make Silvester Method

Hypothermia 1. To warm person.

Question 7

Parts of the body/internal organs.

Parts of the body: - Shoulder (плечо) - Palm (кисть, ладонь) - Arm (рука) - Ear (ухо) - Finger (палец) - Thumb (большой палец) - Eye (глаз) - Leg (нога до стопы) - Hand (кисть) - Hair (волосы) - Toe (пальцы ног) - Nose (нос) - Elbow (локоть) - Mouth (рот) - Cheek (щека) - Knee (колено) - Foot (стопа) - Throat (горло) - Forehead (лоб) - Adam’s apple (кадык) - Neck (шея) - Ankle (лодыжка, щиколотка) - Chin (подбородок) - Wrist (запястье) - Biceps (бицепс) - Eyebrow (брось) - Calf (икра) - Navel (пупок) - Heel (пятка) - Thing (бедро)

Internal organs: - Heart (сердце) - Lung (легкое) - Brain (мозг) - Vein (вена) - Liver (печень) - Kidney (почка) - Artery (артерия) - Bladder (мочевой пузырь) - Intestine (кишечник) - Windpipe (трахея)

Question 8

Medical equipment:

- Sling (ремень, перевязь) - Stretcher (носилки) - Adhesive tape (sticking plaster) (лейкопластырь) - Capsule (капсула) - Plaster cast (гипсовая повязка) - Stethoscope (стетоскоп) - Syringe (шприц) - Thermometer (термометр) - Ointment (мазь) - Pill/tablet (таблетка) - Crutch (костыль) - Bandage (повязка/бинт)

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